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Each booster supplies its own track area. Electrically, the track areas must be isolated from each other by separating points. If a common system ground (digital pole "brown" or "J") is used, only one of the two digital poles is isolated. In the 3-conductor track system, this is the center conductor, which is supplied from the digital pole "red". With the 2-conductor track system, only one of the two rails is insulated at the separation point (digital pole "red" or "K").
If a locomotive drives over the isolation point, it briefly cancels the electrical isolation. On 3-conductor track this is done by the locomotive's slider and on 2-conductor track whenever more than one axle of the locomotive has current collectors. A longer bridging of the separation point occurs when the train stops on it or has conductive couplings and current collectors at the beginning and end of the train.
During the electrical bridging of the separation point, equalizing currents can flow through the locomotive or through the entire train via the conductive couplings. These currents can always be increased if the separation point isolates track areas from each other which are supplied by boosters of different makes. The level of the equalizing currents is influenced by different electrical properties of the boosters, such as the booster voltages and the different form of the digital signal (e.g. edge steepness), but also by different current loads in the two track areas that are isolated from each other. There is also an influence if one booster is supplied by a model railroad transformer and the other by a switching power supply.
The equalizing currents can cause damage to the boosters, the locomotives, the conductive couplings and the tracks, depending on the level and the time duration.
For the 3-conductor track, the Märklin company offers a separating rocker for electrical isolation of the booster circuits for the center conductor. This always works reliably when the complete train has only one slider for current pickup even with conductive couplers. However, the disadvantage of the separating rocker is that it must be passed over at a minimum speed so that the train does not stop on the rocker without current.
A first way to avoid high equalizing currents when passing over separation points is to use boosters of one make.
However, only complete electrical isolation can provide comprehensive protection at the isolation point, regardless of whether a common system ground is used or both digital poles are isolated from each other at the isolation point.
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